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This
is one of the most notorious and controversial documents of the Civil
War. It lays out the orders for the march from Corinth (and
elsewhere) to near Mickey's (often given as Michie's) to form up for
the attack on Grant's position at Pittsburg Landing. It also
gives the orders for the deployment of the army for the attack, which
have often been criticized for making Confederate command and control
during the battle very difficult.
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SPECIAL ORDERS No.
8. HDQRS. ARMY OF THE
MISSISSIPPI, I. In the impending movement the corps of this army will
march, assemble, and take order of battle in the following manner, it being
assumed that the enemy is in position about a mile in advance of Shiloh Church,
with his right resting on Owl Creek and his left on Lick Creek. 1st. The Third Corps, under
Major-General Hardee, will advance as soon as practicable on the Ridge road
from Corinth to what is known as the Bark road, passing about half a mile
northward of the workhouse. The head of this column will bivouac, if possible,
to night at Mickey's house, at the intersection of the road from Monterey to
Savannah. The cavalry, thrown well forward during the march, to reconnoiter and
prevent surprise, will halt in front of the Mickey house, on the Bark road. 2d. Major Waddell, aide-de-camp
to General Beauregard, with two good guides, will report for service to
Major-General Hardee. 3d. At 3 o clock a.m. to-morrow
the Third Corps, with the left in front, will continue to advance by the Bark
road until within sight of the enemy's outposts or advanced positions, when it
will be deployed in line of battle, according to the nature of the ground, its
left resting on Owl Creek, its right toward Lick Creek, supported on that flank
by one-half of its cavalry, the left flank being supported by the other half.
The interval between the extreme right of this corps and Lick Creek will be
filled by a brigade or division, according to the extent of the ground, from
the Second Corps. These troops during the battle
will also be under the command of Major-General Hardee. He will make the proper
disposition of the artillery along the line of battle, remembering that the
rifled guns are of long ranges and should be placed on any commanding position
in rear of the infantry to fire mainly on the reserves and second line of the
enemy, but will occasionally be directed on his batteries and heads of columns. II. The Second Corps, under Maj.
Gen. Braxton Bragg, will assemble on Monterey, and move thence as early as
practicable, the right wing, with left in front, by the road from Monterey to
Savannah, the head of column to reach the vicinity of Mickey's house, at the
intersection of the Bark road, before sunset. The cavalry with this wing will
take position on the road to Savannah, beyond Mickey's as far as Owl Creek,
having advanced guards and pickets well to the front. The left wing of this corps will
advance at the same time, also left in front, by the road from Monterey to
Purdy, the head of the column to reach by night the intersection of that road
with the Bark road. This wing will continue the movement in the morning as soon
as the rear of the Third Corps shall have passed the Purdy road, which it will
then follow. The Second Corps will then form
the second line of battle about 1,000 yards in rear of the first line. It will
be formed, if practicable, with regiments in double columns at half distance,
disposed as advantageously as the nature of the ground will admit and with a
view to facility of deployment, the artillery placed as may seem best to
Major-General Bragg. III. The First Corps, under
Major-General Polk, with the exception of the detached division at Bethel, will
take up its line of march by the Ridge road, hence to Pittsburg, half an hour
after the rear of the Third Corps shall have passed Corinth, and will bivouac
to-night in rear of that corps, and on to-morrow will follow the movements of
said corps with the same interval of time as to-day. When its head of column
shall reach the vicinity of the Mickey house it will be halted in column or
massed on the line of the Bark road, according to the nature of the ground, as
a reserve. Meantime one regiment of its
cavalry will be placed in observation on the road from Johnston's house to
Stantonville, with advance guards and pickets thrown out well in advance toward
Stantonville. Another regiment or battalion of cavalry will be posted in the
same manner in the road from Monterey to Purdy, with its rear resting on or
about the intersection of that road with the Bark road, having advanced guards
and pickets in the direction of Purdy. The forces at Bethel and Purdy
will defend their positions, as already instructed, if attacked; otherwise they
will assemble on Purdy, and thence advance with advanced guards, flankers, and
all other prescribed military precautions, by the road thence to Monterey,
forming a junction with the next of the First Corps at the intersection of that
road with the Bark road leading from Corinth. IV. The reserve of the forces
will be concentrated by the shortest and best routes at Monterey as soon as the
rear of the Second Corps shall have moved out of that place. Its commander will
take up the best position whence to advance, as required, either in the
direction of Mickey's or of Pratt's house, on the direct road to Pittsburg, if
that road is found practicable, or in the direction of the Ridge road to
Hamburg, throwing all its cavalry on the latter road as far as its intersection
with the one to Pittsburg, passing through Guersford, on Lick Creek. This
cavalry will throw well forward advanced guards and vedettes toward Guersford
and in the direction of Hamburg, and during the impending battle, when called
to the field of combat, will move by the Guersford road. A regiment of the
infantry reserve will be thrown forward to the intersection of the Gravel Hill
road with the Ridge road to Hamburg, as a support to the cavalry. The reserve will be formed of
Breckinridge's, Bowen's, and Statham's brigades as now organized, the whole
under command of Brigadier-General Breckinridge. V. General Bragg will detach the
Fifty-first and Fifty-second Regiments Tennessee Volunteers, Blount's Alabama,
and Desha's Arkansas battalion, and Bains' battery from his corps, which, with
two of Carroll's regiments now en route for these headquarters, will
form a garrison for the post and depot of Corinth. VI. Strong guards will be left at
the railroad bridges between Iuka and Corinth, to be furnished in due
proportion from the commands at Iuka, Burnsville, and Corinth. VII. Proper guards will be left
at the camps of the several regiments of the forces in the field. Corps
commanders will determine the strength of these guards. VIII. Wharton's regiment of Texas
cavalry will be ordered forward at once to scout on the road from Monterey to
Savannah between Mickey's and its intersection with the Pittsburg-Purdy road.
It will annoy and harass any force of the enemy moving by the latter way to
assail Cheatham's division at Purdy. IX. The chief engineer of the
forces will take all due measures and precautions and give all requisite orders
for the repair of the bridges, causeways, and roads on which our troops may
move in the execution of these orders. X. The troops, individually so
intelligent, and with such great interests involved in the issue, are urgently
enjoined to be observant of the orders of their superiors in the hour of
battle. Their officers must constantly endeavor to hold them in hand and
prevent the waste of ammunition by heedless aimless firing. The fire should be
slow, always at a distinct mark. It is expected that much and effective work
will be done with the bayonet. By command of General A. S. Johnston: THOMAS JORDAN, Assistant Adjutant-General. |
Back to Civil War Chronologies (Main page) Back to Chronology of the Henry-Donelson-Shiloh Campaign Source: The Official Records, Vol. X, part 1, pp. 392--95. Date added to website: August 31, 2025. |